Brief Overview

Hair loss, or Alopecia, is a condition characterized by the loss of hair from the scalp or body. While shedding 50 to 100 hairs a day is normal, hair loss becomes problematic when the rate of shedding exceeds the rate of regrowth, or when new hair is significantly thinner. Hair loss can be temporary or permanent and is classified by specific patterns and causes.

Common Types of Hair Loss

• Androgenic Alopecia (Pattern Baldness): The most common type, genetically determined, affecting the hair follicles due to sensitivity to androgens (male hormones). In men, it presents as a receding hairline and thinning crown; in women, it presents as diffuse thinning over the scalp.
• Telogen Effluvium: Temporary hair shedding often triggered by a major stressor (illness, surgery, childbirth, severe emotional stress, or nutritional deficiency).
• Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, resulting in patchy hair loss.

Traditional Names in AYUSH Systems

• Ayurveda: General hair loss is called Khalitya. Premature hair loss and graying are primarily attributed to an imbalance of the Pitta dosha, particularly Bhrajaka Pitta (which governs color and luster) and Rakta Dhatu (blood tissue). Vata imbalance is associated with dryness and structural damage to the hair follicle.
• Unani: Hair loss is referred to as Tasakut-e-Sha'ar. It is generally linked to either an excess of Sauda (black bile) causing dryness and malnutrition of the scalp, or a general imbalance of humours leading to poor Mizaj (temperament) of the scalp tissue.
• Siddha: The condition is called Mudi Uthiral. It is primarily seen as an imbalance of the Pitham (heat/bile element), leading to excessive heat in the head region and subsequent damage to hair roots.

Causes & Risk Factors

Hair loss is often multifactorial, involving a combination of genetics, hormonal, and environmental factors.⁹

• Hormonal Changes: Androgenic alopecia (sensitivity to DHT), PCOD/PCOS, thyroid dysfunction, pregnancy, and menopause.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients like Iron, Zinc, Vitamin D, and protein.¹⁰
• Stress & Illness: Chronic or acute severe stress, major surgery, or prolonged illness can trigger Telogen Effluvium.
• Medications: Some medications for blood pressure, arthritis, depression, or cancer.¹²
• Scalp Infections: Fungal infections like ringworm.
• Autoimmune Conditions: Alopecia Areata.
• Psycho-somatics: Chronic, high-level stress, anxiety, and grief significantly increase cortisol levels, which can push hair follicles prematurely into the resting (telogen) phase, causing excessive shedding (Telogen Effluvium). Emotional stress also contributes to inflammation that can target hair follicles.

Key Symptoms / Signs

The presentation of hair loss varies by cause:

• Gradual Thinning on Top of Head: The most common sign, especially in pattern baldness.
• Patchy or Circular Bald Spots: Characteristic of Alopecia Areata.
• Sudden Loosening of Hair: Often seen after a physical or emotional shock (Telogen Effluvium), where handfuls of hair may come out when brushing or washing.
• Full Body Hair Loss: May occur due to certain medical treatments or conditions.
• Scalp Itching or Pain: May accompany hair loss in some conditions, like scalp infections or inflammatory disorders.

AYUSH & CAM Approaches

AYUSH and CAM modalities aim to nourish the hair follicles, balance the Pitta dosha, improve blood circulation to the scalp, and manage the internal factors like stress and hormonal imbalance.

Core Modalities

• Ayurveda: Focuses on Pitta and Rakta pacification and local Snehana (oiling).
• Herbal Remedies: Internal and external use of herbs like Bhringaraj (King of Hair), Amla (Indian Gooseberry), Brahmi, and Ashwagandha. These are used to cool the system, nourish the scalp, and reduce stress.
• External Application: Regular Shiro Abhyanga (head massage) with medicated oils (e.g., Bhringaraj oil, Neelibhringadi oil) to improve circulation and root strength.
• Panchakarma: Procedures like Nasya (nasal administration of oil) and Shirodhara (warm oil poured over the forehead) are used to calm the nervous system and manage stress-induced hair loss.
• Naturopathy: Emphasizes detoxification and nutritional correction.
• Dietary Interventions: A diet rich in protein, iron, zinc, sulfur-rich foods (onions, garlic), and B-vitamins. Detox diets may be recommended to clear internal toxins.
• Unani & Siddha: Treatment involves using cooling external applications (Dalk) and internal tonics to balance the Pitham or Safra (heat element), purify the blood, and strengthen the hair roots. Herbs like Henna and Gooseberry are commonly used.

Supportive CAM Therapies

• Acupuncture / Acupressure: Needles are placed along the scalp and body meridians to stimulate local blood circulation, reduce inflammation, and balance the hormonal and immune systems (especially for Alopecia Areata).
• Reflexology: Stimulating points corresponding to the adrenal glands (for stress), pituitary gland (for hormones), and digestive system (for nutrient absorption) to address root causes.
• Aromatherapy: Massaging the scalp with carrier oils infused with essential oils like Rosemary, Lavender, Cedarwood, and Peppermint to stimulate circulation and promote hair growth.
• Cupping Therapy: Gentle, localized cupping on the scalp may be used to draw blood flow to the hair follicles, promoting nourishment.

Mind-Body & Stress Management

• Meditation & Mindfulness: Essential for reducing the chronic stress that triggers Telogen Effluvium and contributes to inflammatory conditions.
• Yoga: Practicing inversions (e.g., Sarvangasana/Shoulder Stand or gentle forward bends) to increase blood flow to the scalp and Pranayama (like Bhramari Pranayama) to calm the nervous system.
• Autogenic Training / Hypnotherapy: Can be used to address the subconscious stress or trauma that may be contributing to psycho-somatically induced hair loss.

Diet & Lifestyle Recommendations

Diet:

• Protein: Ensure adequate intake of high-quality protein (legumes, lean meats, dairy) as hair is primarily protein (keratin).
• Micronutrients: Include foods rich in Iron, Vitamin C (for iron absorption), Zinc, and Biotin (e.g., eggs, seeds, dark leafy greens).
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water to maintain overall health and moisture balance.

Lifestyle:

• Gentle Hair Care: Avoid excessive heat styling, tight hairstyles, and harsh chemical treatments.
• Protect from Sun/Heat: Protect hair and scalp from direct, harsh sun exposure, especially in hot climates (Pitta aggravating).
• Adequate Sleep: Prioritize good quality sleep for hormonal and nervous system regulation.

Preventive Care / Self-Management Tips

• Regular Oiling: Perform a gentle head massage with lukewarm oil 2-3 times a week.
• Natural Cleansing: Use mild, herbal or natural shampoos and conditioners to avoid stripping the hair of its natural oils.
• Cool Scalp: For Pitta-related loss, avoid excessive hot showers and ensure the head and scalp remain cool.
• Manage Underlying Conditions: Get regular check-ups for thyroid or hormonal issues.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While AYUSH and CAM are effective for most common types of hair loss, a medical evaluation is essential to identify the underlying cause.

• Consult a dermatologist or endocrinologist if:
• Hair loss is sudden, extensive, or patchy (to rule out Alopecia Areata or other diseases).
• Hair loss is accompanied by scalp pain, itching, or open sores.
• You suspect a hormonal imbalance (e.g., with PCOD or thyroid issues).
• The hair loss is occurring rapidly or not responding to initial lifestyle changes.
• Do not delay seeking medical advice if you suspect a medical condition is causing the hair loss. Integrated treatment offers the best path to successful management.